Astronomers are still finding moons at Jupiter, 400 years after Galileo used his spyglass to spot the first ones.

The latest discovery of a dozen small moons brings the total to 79, the most of any planet in our solar system.

Scientists were looking for objects on the fringes of the solar system last year when they pointed their telescopes close to Jupiter’s backyard, according to Scott Sheppard of the Carnegie Institute for Science in Washington.

Jupiter auroraFurther moons could yet be discovered around Jupiter (Nasa/PA)

They saw a new group of objects moving around the giant gas planet but did not know whether they were moons or asteroids passing near Jupiter.

“There was no eureka moment,” said Mr Sheppard, who led the team of astronomers.

“It took a year to figure out what these objects were.”

They all turned out to be moons of Jupiter.

The confirmation of 10 was announced on Tuesday. Two were confirmed earlier.

The moons had not been spotted before because they are tiny.

Jupiter and Mars planetary conjunctionJupiter and Mars above Wicken Fen nature reserve in Cambridgeshire (Joe Giddens/PA)

They are about one to two miles across, said astronomer Gareth Williams of the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Centre.

And he thinks Jupiter might have even more moons just as small waiting to be found.

“We just haven’t observed them enough,” said Mr Williams, who helped confirm the moons’ orbits.

 

The team is calling one of the new moons an “oddball” because of its unusual orbit.

Mr Sheppard’s girlfriend came up with a name for it: Valetudo, the great-granddaughter of the Roman god Jupiter.

Space Jupiter New MoonsA Nasa image of Jupiter (Nasa/PA)

Valetudo is in Jupiter’s distant, outer swarm of moons that circles in the opposite direction of the planet’s rotation.

Yet it is orbiting in the same direction as the planet, against the swarm’s traffic.

“This moon is going down the highway the wrong way,” Mr Sheppard said.

Scientists believe moons like Valetudo and its siblings appeared soon after Jupiter formed.

The planet must have acted like a vacuum, sucking up all the material that was around it.

Some of that debris was captured as moons.

 

“What astonishes me about these moons is that they’re the remnants of what the planet formed from,” he said.

Telescopes in Chile, Hawaii and Arizona were used for the latest discovery and confirmation.

Galileo detected Jupiter’s four largest moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto in 1610.

The latest count of 79 known planets includes eight that have not been seen for several years.

Saturn is next with 61, followed by Uranus with 27 and Neptune with 14.

Mars has two, Earth has one and Mercury and Venus have none.